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Phoenix Tree, Phoenix and Empress: Empress Historical-Cultural Symbol of Phoenix Tree and Its Good Environmental Civilized Value
Wu Zhiwen,
Wu Songyuan,
Yang Shujun
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
1-9
Received:
22 November 2021
Accepted:
7 December 2021
Published:
8 January 2022
Abstract: This paper is intended to analyze the interrelation, mutual influence and integration of phoenix tree, phoenix and empress in ecological and cultural terms. The study indicates the historical-cultural symbolical meaning of Empress Wu of phoenix tree, and the ecological value. Empress Wu is the incarnation of dragon, rebirth of Maitreya Buddha with godship. From aspect of theology, phoenix stays at phoenix tree that is a myth by means of phoenix tree; phoenix and dragon keep abreast, phoenix represents outstanding woman, and Empress Wu is the incarnation of phoenix (super holy bird). Phoenix liked to stay on phoenix tree (super sacred tree), therefore, phoenix tree represents the body of empress. In Buddhism, phoenix tree’s imagery being the sacred tree of Chinese Buddhism is its feature, which is formed when the tree is cultivated in religious temple. Empress Wu is a human with humanity. In forest culture, imagery of phoenix tree is of aesthetic culture which represents pure love subjective intention by means of phoenix tree in gardens planting of past dynasties and composition of poetry. Love imagery of phoenix tree and phoenix symbolizes human emotion of Empress Wu. Lofty imagery of phoenix tree symbolizes the only one empress in China. That falling leaves of phoenix tree shows autumn comes symbolized Empress Wu lost her Kingship and became queen for the rest of her life. Aesthetic cultural connotation, consisting of nobleness and hope of phoenix and misery and sad of phoenix tree, symbolized people’s comment to Empress Wu in the past one thousand and three hundred years. Ecological value of phoenix imagery: nine holy birds which perch at bronze divine trees of Sanxingdui, and Sunbird of the Jinsha Site gives an impression that golden bird carries the sun to soar in the universe; in human’s mental concept, phoenix tree symbolizes habitat for humanity of ecological civilization, and phoenix symbolizes human’s dream of flying. Phoenix likes to stay on phoenix tree, which symbolizes harmonious civilization of human and human’s earnest hope for good life.
Abstract: This paper is intended to analyze the interrelation, mutual influence and integration of phoenix tree, phoenix and empress in ecological and cultural terms. The study indicates the historical-cultural symbolical meaning of Empress Wu of phoenix tree, and the ecological value. Empress Wu is the incarnation of dragon, rebirth of Maitreya Buddha with ...
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Evaluation of Forage Legumes on Feed Intake, Growth Performance and Economic Feasibility of Borana Bucks Supplemented Natural Grass Hay as Basal Diet
Sisay Kumsa,
Tamirat Tasemma,
Bantayehu Muluneh
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
10-16
Received:
15 September 2021
Accepted:
12 October 2021
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: The current experiment was performed using twenty (20) Borana bucks with 17.12 kg initial live body weight at on-station of Yabello Research Center. The aim of this experiment was to conduct the live weight change, nutrient and dry matter intake within economic viability of Borana bucks feed Lablab purpureus, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and their mixture fed a basal diet of natural grass hay. Experiment consist seventeen (70) days feeding trial excluding two weeks of adaptation period to treatment diet. Experimental animals grouped into four blocks of five animals in each block to their respective treatment diet according to their body weight. Treatments diet arranged as T1 (400gm Cowpea+ ad-lib Natural grass hay), T2 (300gm Lablab + ad-lib Natural grass hay), T3 (267gm Cow pea+100gm lablab + ad-lib Natural grass hay) and T4 (100gm Cow pea+225gm lablab + ad-lib Natural grass hay). All Experimental bucks had free access to hay. Daily feed intake was measured and live body weight changes of experimental bucks were taken ten by ten days interval. The basal diet intakes of experimental bucks were higher in T2, T4 T3 and T1 accordingly. Experimental bucks had significantly affected by treatments and nutrient composition. Therefore, experimental bucks under T2 had higher (69.6g/d) than T4 (64g/d), T3 (53.22g/day) and T1 (51.79 g/day) respectively. Besides to this T1 (0.09) and T3 (0.08) shows lowest feed conversion efficiency and highest feed conversion ratio as compared to the other treatments. Treatment T2 (0.09) and T4 (0.08) shows highest feed conversion efficiency and lowest feed conversion ratio as compared to the other treatments According to the current finding total dry matter intake based up on percent body weight (%BW) and dry matter intake based on metabolic body weight (g/kgW0.75) indicate significance difference in the treatments groups.. T1 has highest total variable cost in the current study followed by experimental animals in T4, T2 and T3 respectively. Bucks under T2 with T4 had indicates more profitable marginal rate of return more than T1 and T3. So, providing additional feed through preserving/growing forage during rainy season especially at lowland area is crucial. Therefore, the current study indicate that supplementation of forage legumes during dry season is biologically acceptable and economically tangible especially an area where feed shortage is critically scarce.
Abstract: The current experiment was performed using twenty (20) Borana bucks with 17.12 kg initial live body weight at on-station of Yabello Research Center. The aim of this experiment was to conduct the live weight change, nutrient and dry matter intake within economic viability of Borana bucks feed Lablab purpureus, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and their mi...
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Review of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Genetic Variability Genotypes
Werkissa Yali,
Gudeta Nepir
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
17-23
Received:
1 December 2021
Accepted:
5 January 2022
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a tropical C4 crop that originated in Ethiopia and was domesticated there. It is the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world. It is a vital staple crop for more than 500 million people in 30 Sub-Saharan African and Asian nations, although it is mostly farmed as a feed crop in the developed world. In a breeding program, the presence of genetic variety is critical. For sorghum breeding and novel cultivar deployment, the genetic variation present in sorghum germplasm collections is frequently investigated. Effective breeding and genetic conservation may need a well-characterized sorghum genetic resource. The level of trait heritability is linked to the genetic development of breeding populations for yield and its component traits. The amount of genetic variability contained in a population and how it is used determines the success of a crop improvement effort. A breeder's understanding of a crop's genetic diversity usually aids them in selecting desirable parents for breeding programs. As a result, it's critical to examine genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic progress since they provide information that can be used to improve grain yield as well as quality qualities to increase crop production and productivity.
Abstract: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a tropical C4 crop that originated in Ethiopia and was domesticated there. It is the fifth most widely grown cereal crop in the world. It is a vital staple crop for more than 500 million people in 30 Sub-Saharan African and Asian nations, although it is mostly farmed as a feed crop in the developed world. In...
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Genetic Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Gene, pfcrt in Massakory (Chad)
Mahamat Moussa Hassane Taïsso,
Ako Aristide Berenger,
Issa Mahamat Souleymane,
Koui Stéphane Tossea,
Kouman Kouamé Bouatini Angelo,
Hamit Mahamat Alio,
Mahamat Saleh Issakha Diar,
Djiddi Ali Sougoudi,
Djimadoum Mbanga,
Pascal Ringwald,
Djimrassengarh Honoré,
Issa Ali Haggar,
Hassoumi Manah,
Hassan Ahmat Mihedi,
N’garadoum Olivier,
Brahim Boy Otchom,
David Koffi,
Dosso Mireille,
Djaman Allico Joseph,
Offianan André Touré
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
24-30
Received:
8 December 2021
Accepted:
22 December 2021
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: Background and Objective: In 2005, Chad, like several other WHO countries, withdrew chloroquine as a first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in response to WHO recommendations related to the reason for the increase in treatment failures and the global spread of chloroquine resistance. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs), Artemether-lumefantrine, has replaced chloroquine as the first-choice treatment for malaria. The present study assessed pfcrt polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Massakory. Methodology and Results: Blood samples for PCR analysis were collected on Whatman 3MM filter paper in Massakory during a therapeutic efficacy study (TES) conducted from December 14, 2019 to March 14, 2020. Genomic DNA was extracted from 113 dried blood spots with the QIAamp DNA Micro Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) as per manufacturer’s protocol and amplified by nested-PCR with pfcrt specific primer. The amplification products were revealed by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel and then sequenced according to Sanger method. A total of 71 sequences were readable. The pfcrt analysis showed that of the 71 readable sequences, high mutation prevalence: 66 (92.96%) IET, 2 (4.22%) IDT and 3 (4.22%) MNK wild pfcrt isolates. Conclusion: These results challenge the highest health authorities in the country. The government, through the Ministry of Public Health and National Solidarity and the National Malaria Control Program, must raise awareness for the effective withdrawal of chloroquine. This action will promote on the one hand the re-emergence of parasites sensitive to chloroquine, and on the other hand make possible the reintroduction of chloroquine in the treatment of simple malaria after the suppression of drug pressure.
Abstract: Background and Objective: In 2005, Chad, like several other WHO countries, withdrew chloroquine as a first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in response to WHO recommendations related to the reason for the increase in treatment failures and the global spread of chloroquine resistance. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs), Art...
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Immunohistochemical Study of 78kDa Glucose-regulated Protein (Grp78) and Cripto in the Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis
Yuko Niidome-Matsuda,
Junko Hatakeyama,
Masaaki Takezaki,
Masahiro Yoneda,
Yuji Hatakeyama,
Sachio Tamaoki
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, January 2022
Pages:
31-34
Received:
6 December 2021
Accepted:
5 January 2022
Published:
18 January 2022
Abstract: The synchondroses in the cranial base are important structures in craniofacial growth, and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is representative of a typical growth site. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with multiple biological processes and is a critical factor in chondrogenesis. It has been reported that 78kDa Glucose-regulated protein (Grp78) plays an important role in suppressing regulators in ER stress-mediated apoptosis in chondrogenesis, and Cripto is the cell surface signaling partner of Grp78 in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. We attempt to clarify the immunolocalization of Grp78 and Cripto in the SOS. The mice head at embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5) were collected and embedded in paraffin. The serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, lectin, and immunostaining. The SOS structure containing the resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zone were identified with Alcian blue staining, wheat germ agglutinin, and Type II Collagen immunostaining. Immunostaining of Grp78 in the SOS revealed positive immunoreactivity in all the chondrocytes of the SOS. However, the chondrocytes of the proliferating zone were weakly immunopositive to Cripto, while the chondrocytes of the hypertrophic zone were strongly immunopositive. Since the immunolocalization of Grp78 and Cripto was different in cartilage zone, these data suggest that Grp78 and Cripto would be involved in the regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and may be related with ER stress in the SOS.
Abstract: The synchondroses in the cranial base are important structures in craniofacial growth, and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is representative of a typical growth site. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with multiple biological processes and is a critical factor in chondrogenesis. It has been reported that 78kDa Glucose-regulat...
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