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Parasitic Hymenoptera Recovered by DNA Barcoding of Malaise Trap Collection at the Chittagong University Campus, Bangladesh
Santosh Mazumdar,
Paul David Neil Hebert,
Badrul Amin Bhuiya,
Mohammed Ismail Miah
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
94-98
Received:
18 October 2019
Accepted:
12 November 2019
Published:
19 November 2019
Abstract: In the natural ecosystems, parasitic Hymenoptera composes the most significant group of biocontrol agents. DNA barcode (658 bp sequence from the 5′-end of cytochromeoxidase I) analysis of hymenopterans collected in a Malaise trap in Chittagong university campus was performed to analyze the diversity of parasitic wasps. In the present study a total of 3,468 sequences were generated that represented 31 species, 83 genera and 22 families from seven superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Among them 25 species namely Aphanogmus fijiensis Ferriere, Telenomus remus Nixon, Ganaspis xanthopoda Ashmead, Encarsia sophia Girault & Dodd, Copidosoma floridanum Ashmead, C. thebe Walker, Ceranisus menes Walker, Hemiptarsenus varicornis Girault, Eupelmus martellii Masi, Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja, Binodoxys acalephae Marshall, B. communis Gahan, Aspidobracon noyesi van Achterberg, Bracon crassicornis Thomson, Cardiochiles fuscipennis Szepligeti, Apanteles boaris Walker, Glyptapanteles creatonoti Viereck, Phaedrotoma depressa Li & van Achterberg, Psyttalia fletcheri Silvestri, Aleiodes malichi Quicke & Butcher, A. prillae Quicke & Butcher, A. sutthisani Quicke & Butcher, Diplazon orientalis Cameron, Exochus pictus Holmgren, 58 genera, 12 subfamilies and 7 named families specifically Megaspilidae, Figitidae, Eupelmidae, Ormyridae, Perilampidae, Torymidae and Trigonalyidae are the first reports from Bangladesh. The results of this study will be resulted to determining of parasitic hymenopteran fauna in Bangladesh.
Abstract: In the natural ecosystems, parasitic Hymenoptera composes the most significant group of biocontrol agents. DNA barcode (658 bp sequence from the 5′-end of cytochromeoxidase I) analysis of hymenopterans collected in a Malaise trap in Chittagong university campus was performed to analyze the diversity of parasitic wasps. In the present study a total ...
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Assessment of Heritability and Genetic Variabilty for Morphological and Yield Contributing Traits in Open Pollinated Maize Varieties
Shuja Ur Rehman Qureshi,
Mussaddiq Khan Khalil
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
99-103
Received:
8 October 2019
Accepted:
25 November 2019
Published:
2 December 2019
Abstract: The knowledge of heritability helps the plant breeder to understand the performance of an attribute under consideration in next generation. Fourteen genotypes including one local check were assessed at the experimental farm of The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring 2016. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (P≤0.01) for days to anthesis, days to silking, plant height, ear height, cob length, kernel rows cob-1 and 100-kernel weight, whereas grain yield revealed non-significant differences (P>0.05) among the genotypes evaluated. Genotypes, PSCV-9, PSCV-11, PSCV-13 and Azam as a check showed minimum days to anthesis (77.33), while minimum days to silking (79.33) were exhibited by Azam as a check. Genotype, PSCV-8 showed minimum plant height (107.13 cm) and ear height (41.73 cm), while maximum plant height (147.33 cm) and ear height (70.86 cm) was observed for PSCV-12. Genotype, PSCV-8 showed minimum ear length (17.28 cm), while maximum ear length (22.47 cm) was observed for PSCV-4. Minimum number of kernel rows cob-1 (12.33) were observed for PSCV-8, while maximum number of kernel rows cob-1 (15.33) were observed for PSCV-4. Minimum 100-kernel weight (28 g) was observed for PSCV-5 and Azam as a check, while maximum 100-kernel weight (38 g) was observed for PSCV-3. Low to moderate broad sense heritability estimates were observed for all the traits except for days to anthesis and days to silking which showed high to moderate heritability estimates. The present study revealed considerable amount of diversity among open pollinated maize varieties which could be utilized for further improvement in maize breeding.
Abstract: The knowledge of heritability helps the plant breeder to understand the performance of an attribute under consideration in next generation. Fourteen genotypes including one local check were assessed at the experimental farm of The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during spring 2016. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design...
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Yield Loss Assessment in Bread Wheat Varieties Caused by Yellow Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in Arsi Highlands of South Eastern Ethiopia
Alemu Ayele,
Getnet Muche
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
104-112
Received:
8 October 2019
Accepted:
26 November 2019
Published:
6 December 2019
Abstract: Wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most feared and wheat production bottlenecks in the highland areas of Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted to assess wheat yield losses caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici based at optimal frequency of fungicide with wheat varieties for the control of stripe rust at hotspot environments of Meraro and Bekoji, experimental stations in Arsi zone in 2017 main cropping season. Results revealed that there was direct linkage between the disease level and the yield loss in the most common commercially adopted bread wheat varieties. There was varying resistance level among different wheat varieties. The extensively cultivated wheat variety, Wane was found to be most resistant with minimum yield loss of 22.9 to 39.7% followed by Lemu and Danda’a with yield loss of 48.7to 56.5% and43.3 to 57.5% at Bekoji and Meraro respectively. While Kubsa, proved to be the most susceptible wheat variety with maximum yield loss of 91.5 to 96.7% at Bekoji and Meraro respectively. Therefore, it is advisable to use resistant varieties with appropriate fungicides with optimal frequency in order to reduce yield loss and get comparable yield advantage by reducing the incurring of wheat stripe rust in wheat farms.
Abstract: Wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most feared and wheat production bottlenecks in the highland areas of Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted to assess wheat yield losses caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici based at optimal frequency of fungicide with wheat varieties for the control o...
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Effect of Varieties, Fungicides and Application Frequencies to Wheat Yellow Rust Disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Management in Arsi Highlands of Ethiopia
Alemu Ayele,
Alemayehu Chala·,
Elfinesh Shikur
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
113-122
Received:
8 October 2019
Accepted:
28 November 2019
Published:
7 December 2019
Abstract: Wheat is one of Ethiopia’s foremost important cereal crops in terms of area coverage and volume produced. However, the production and productivity of wheat is constrained by various biotic and a biotic stresses, among which wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the one. Field experiments were conducted to develop integrated wheat yellow rust management strategy based on optimal frequency of fungicide application and wheat varieties combination at hotspot environments of Meraro and Bekoji, Arsi zone, in 2017 main cropping season. Treatments included two different fungicides, Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl and Propiconazole applied in two frequencies; and four bread wheat cultivars (Kubsa, Danda'a, Lemu and Wane), known for their differential reaction to the disease. Unsprayed controls were also included for comparison purposes. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. Terminal severity levels up to 13%, 37%, 53% and 90% at Bekoji, and 11.67%, 53.3%, 58.33%, 92% at Meraro were recorded on the unsprayed varieties of Wane, Lemu, Danda’a and Kubsa, respectively. Twice application frequency of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl resulted in a significant (P<0.01) grain yield increment of up to 95.3%, 76.4%, and 1086.8% at Bekoji and 129.7%, 135.5%, 2883.2% at Meraro on unsprayed plots of Lemu, Danda’a, and Kubsa, respectively. But yield increments as a result of fungicide applications were relatively lower (29.8% and 65.9% at Bekoji and Meraro, respectively) on the resistant variety Wane. Twice application of Epoxiconazole + Thiophanate-methyl at 15 days interval starting from the appearance of disease has proved the most effective in terms of reducing the level of stripe rust, and increasing grain and crop biomass yield. The current findings demonstrate the role fungicides and host resistance may play in effectively managing stripe rust of wheat. However, further research is needed to come up with other management options to sustainable and cost effective manage the disease under different agro-ecological settings.
Abstract: Wheat is one of Ethiopia’s foremost important cereal crops in terms of area coverage and volume produced. However, the production and productivity of wheat is constrained by various biotic and a biotic stresses, among which wheat yellow rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the one. Field experiments were conducted to develop...
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Integrated Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Late Blight (Phytophthora Infestans) Disease Management in Ethiopia
Yitagesu Tadesse Demissie
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, November 2019
Pages:
123-130
Received:
8 October 2019
Accepted:
28 November 2019
Published:
11 December 2019
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major crop of the world after rice, wheat and maize. Potato is an important crop which holds promise for food to millions of people especially in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the yield per unit area of potato is very low compared to those of other countries. There are many factors that reduce the yield of the crop among which the diseases like late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum) which play an important role. Diseases such as late blight, early blight, fusarium wilt and black leg primarily affect the crop/foliage whereas diseases such as black scurf, wart, powdery scab and common scab disfigure the tubers and reduce their market value. Major fungal and bacterial diseases affecting potato crop are reviewed here with respect to their identification, symptoms on potato plants or tubers, nature of the pathogen involved, epidemiology, control measures etc. Management of these diseases is therefore very essential. Late blight of potato can be managed using the following management (control) strategies: use of biological control agents, use of resistant varieties, intercropping, use of certified disease-free seed, use of selective fungicides and cultural practices such as destruction of cull piles by freezing or deep burying, destruction of volunteer potato plants in nearby fields throughout the season, destruction (desiccate, disc or flail and desiccate) of infected plants to avoid spread, reduction of periods of leaf wetness and high humidity within the crop canopy by appropriately timing irrigation, application of a recommended fungicide spray program (the program should start prior to the arrival of the pathogen) and desiccation of vines prior to harvest.
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth major crop of the world after rice, wheat and maize. Potato is an important crop which holds promise for food to millions of people especially in developing countries. In Ethiopia, the yield per unit area of potato is very low compared to those of other countries. There are many factors that reduce the yi...
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