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Yield and Yield Advantage of the Component Crops as Affected by Strip Intercropping of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) with Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.)
Leta Ajema,
Ashenafi Nigussie
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
116-121
Received:
23 April 2021
Accepted:
30 June 2021
Published:
7 July 2021
Abstract: Intercropping has a number of advantages over mono-cropping production system, which has significant problems and that there are sufficient justification for studying intercropping approaches. Consequently, researchers have proposed a systematic intercropping approach to evaluate the benefits of strip intercropping in terms of yield advantage, economic return, yield stability, pest control, nutrient use efficiency, etc. However, because of these advantages, intercropping is practiced in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agriculture Research Sub-center during 2012 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of strip intercropping ratios of coffee with pineapple on the yield and yield components of both crops and to determine economically optimum coffee to pineapple strip intercropping ratio for the study area. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Coffee variety (Fayate) and Smooth Cayenne Pineapple variety were used. The experiment was comprised five treatments: sole coffee, sole Pineapple, 1C:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratio of coffee with pineapple. The pooled mean analysis revealed that the sole planted coffee and pineapple were produced statically highest yields in contrast with other intercropped treatments. Regarding strip intercropping treatments, the highest and lowest clean coffee yield were recorded at 1C:1P (1289 kg ha-1) and 1C:2P (1128 kg ha-1) treatments. The highest total land equivalent ratio was recorded at 1C:3P (1.50), closely followed by 4C:1P (1.36), 1C:1P (1.32), and 1C:2P (1.23) or a relative yield advantage of 23 to 50% was obtained from the coffee-Pineapple strip intercropping treatments. Therefore, this finding recommend that strip intercropping of coffee with pineapple at 1C:3P ratio is a viable option for sustainable productivity in yield and yield profit to farmers as revealed by the highest total LER.
Abstract: Intercropping has a number of advantages over mono-cropping production system, which has significant problems and that there are sufficient justification for studying intercropping approaches. Consequently, researchers have proposed a systematic intercropping approach to evaluate the benefits of strip intercropping in terms of yield advantage, econ...
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Maize Germplasm Characterization Using Principal Component and Cluster Analysis
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
122-127
Received:
25 May 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
16 July 2021
Abstract: In Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute Gene bank, large collections of maize germplasm are not yet characterized for the magnitude of genetic variability from each other. Although, knowing the contribution of individual a character is essential to focus on particular characters in cultivar development. Hence, this experiment was conducted on 92 maize accessions which were not yet characterized and 2 local checks to estimate the magnitude of genetic diversity among the genotypes and to identify the major agro-morphological characters contributing for the observed variations. The experiment was arranged in an Augmented Design in seven blocks at Arsi Negele in the 2016 main cropping season. The characters used for analysis were days to flowering, plant height, ear height, ear per plant, days to maturity, ear length, kernel rows per ear, a thousand grain weight and yield per plot. The 94 genotypes were grouped into four clusters where cluster I, II, III, and IV comprised 30, 21, 23, and 20 genotypes, respectively. Early matured and short genotypes were grouped in cluster IV, late matured in cluster II, and high yielding and tall genotypes in cluster I. The principal component analysis indicated that the first principal component (PC1) had an eigenvalue of 4.4 and reflects 48.85% of the total variation, this represents the equivalent of two individual variables and the two variables that weighted higher than the other variables are plant height and ear length. The second principal component (PC2) was a recorded eigenvalue of 1.63 and maintained 18.11% of the total variation and related to diversity among genotypes due to ear per plant (EPP). Moreover, principal components 3 to 9 were shown to have more than one eigenvalue, thus they represent equivalent of one individual variable each accounted for 0.98%, 0.78%, 0.68%, 0.35%, 0.15%, 0.03% and 0% respectively toward the variation observed among genotypes. The result ensures the existence of high genetic divergence among the studied maize genotypes.
Abstract: In Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute Gene bank, large collections of maize germplasm are not yet characterized for the magnitude of genetic variability from each other. Although, knowing the contribution of individual a character is essential to focus on particular characters in cultivar development. Hence, this experiment was conducted on 92 maize ...
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Distribution and Importance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Fungal Diseases in Ethiopia
Tajudin Aliyi Mohammed,
Bayoush Birke Yeshnigus,
Alemayehu Hailu Welderufael
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
128-133
Received:
16 May 2021
Accepted:
2 July 2021
Published:
16 July 2021
Abstract: Biotic factors were of the bottleneck elements that contributed to yield reduction of Barley in Ethiopia, including fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. However, fungal diseases were the most significant important compared to others. The major constraints of Barley production in the country were diseases. This study was aimed to identify, document, prioritize and know the distribution of fungal diseases of Barley in Ethiopia, to map the spatial distribution area for economically important Barley diseases. Field surveys were carried out at the period of 2017 and 2018/19 main growing season in major Barley growing agroecological zones of the country. From each representative zone of major growing areas, districts were surveyed based on production of Barley fields each averaging 1 ha at the interval of 5-10 km along road side. Each sampling point was checked with the global positioning system (GPS) using GPS receiver for altitude and co-ordinates. Survey results revealed the prevalence and intensity of different diseases of Barley across all the districts even though at different levels. Among 101 observed fields, Scald was the most prevalent (79.2%) while the overall mean maximum incidence was recorded for Spot blotch (68.4%), the highest percent severity (9.5%) was recorded for loose smut. Initiation of integrated diseases management option at hot spot area of each disease was suggested, in addition to continuously evaluating the new sources of Barley genotypes for further breeding program.
Abstract: Biotic factors were of the bottleneck elements that contributed to yield reduction of Barley in Ethiopia, including fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. However, fungal diseases were the most significant important compared to others. The major constraints of Barley production in the country were diseases. This study was aimed to identify, document...
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COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for Pharmacy Personnel in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Haya Almufrij,
Khalil Almajed,
Fawziah Almutairi,
Asma Altoub,
Tahani Alsufian,
Saad Alobaidi,
Hamza Alsamanodi,
Mohammed Alotaibi,
Hind Albadali,
Abdullah Al Romi,
Fars Alrowili,
Saleh Alanazi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
134-140
Received:
15 June 2021
Accepted:
12 July 2021
Published:
21 July 2021
Abstract: Background: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced in Wuhan City (China) on 31st December 2019, pharmacists worldwide have been playing a vital role in minimizing the adverse effects of the pandemic on healthcare systems. Objective: The guideline aims to provide clear, relevant, and comprehensive instructions for pharmacy staff on how to manage different medication processes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This editorial discusses the development of a guideline named “CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19) Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for Pharmacy Personnel in the Hospital Setting” by Pharmaceutical Care Services in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Result: Pharmaceutical Care Services established the guideline in March 2020, which was then updated in June 2020 by Pharmaceutical Care Services in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to respond rapidly to the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to manage medication processes during the COVID-19 pandemic and monitor the implementation overall the hospital. Conclusion: This guideline is a reliable and comprehensive source of information and can be implemented by any pharmacy department within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and internationally. To the best of our knowledge, this work might be the first in the field of management of medication processes.
Abstract: Background: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced in Wuhan City (China) on 31st December 2019, pharmacists worldwide have been playing a vital role in minimizing the adverse effects of the pandemic on healthcare systems. Objective: The guideline aims to provide clear, relevant, and comprehensive instructions for ph...
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Seroprevalence of Viral Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C Infection in HIV-infected Pregnant Women on Antiretroviral Therapy (ARV) in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Leto Olivier Gogbe,
Thomas D’Aquin Toni,
Jean-Jacques Renaud Dechi,
Jean-Louis Philippe N’Din,
Emmanuel Brou,
Flore Fieni,
Roland Aby,
Kouadio Kouakou,
Henri Chenal,
Jean David N’Guessan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
141-146
Received:
29 June 2021
Accepted:
15 July 2021
Published:
22 July 2021
Abstract: Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Diagnosis of these co-infections should be a priority in HIV-infected pregnant women so that they can receive appropriate and effective treatment. However, the prevalence of these infections in this vulnerable population remains poorly documented in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study is to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections in HIV-infected pregnant women undergoing ARV treatment in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). A cross-sectional study among HIV-infected pregnant women was conducted from September 2017 to May 2018 in Abidjan. HBV and HCV serological tests were performed with the electrochemiluminescence method "ECLIA" on Cobas E 411. A total of one hundred (n = 100) HIV-infected pregnant women were included. The results showed that 6% (n=6/100) of the HIV-infected pregnant women had positive HBV serology and no HIV-HCV co-infection was detected. Of the 100 HIV-infected pregnant women included in this study, 23% had undergone surgery. In this population, HBsAg was positive in 9% of patients and HCV antibodies were negative in all patients. The data from this study support the implementation of large-scale sentinel surveillance in Côte d'Ivoire in order to refine data on the prevalence and circulation of viral hepatitis B and C in high-risk populations such as pregnant women.
Abstract: Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Diagnosis of these co-infections should be a priority in HIV-infected pregnant women so that they can receive appropriate and effective treatment. However, the prevalence of these infections in this vulnerable population remains poorly documented in Côte ...
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The Influence of Emotionally Linked Odors on Autonomic Nerve Activities
Yasuto Nakanishi,
Yoshiaki Sato,
Hideomi Nakata,
Hidehiro Nakahara,
Yosimitsu Inoue,
Hiroshi Kinoshita
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
147-152
Received:
18 July 2021
Accepted:
2 August 2021
Published:
11 August 2021
Abstract: The limbic system, supporting emotions, behavioral motivation, and memory, in the brain receives coming odor before the sensory cortex. Therefore, certain odor can affect autonomic nerve system and physiological parameters due to smell-induced activity in the limbic system. The purpose of this study focused was to investigate the influence of odor, taking the level of arousal and valence into account, on autonomic nerve activities and physiological parameters. Eight healthy young males (20.6 ± 0.5 yr), who gave a response of high arousal (6.8 ± 0.5) and negative valence (1.5 ± 0.8) to the odor of vinegar (VNG), and an opposite response (arousal 2.3 ± 0.8, valence 6.6 ± 0.4) to the odor of orange (ORG), were selected as subjects. Heart rate and its variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated for the subjects who were quietly seated, wore a plastic mask with a vapored odor-injection pipe, and breathed naturally the two aromas (VNG, and ORG). A no aroma condition was also included in the test as a control. Repeated measures ANOVA with a Turkey post-hoc test revealed a significant odor effect in the variables of HRV, and BP. VNG led to a higher ratio of low frequency /high frequency (LF/HF), and lower HF compared to the control (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). VNG also had significantly higher diastolic and mean BP than ORG (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). ORG, on the other hand, failed to show any significant odor effect on HRV and BP variables. LF/HF can be a sympathetic nerve activity indicator while HF is known as a para-sympathetic nerve activity indicator. Our results of breathing VNG thus suggests that odors causing negative valence and high arousal can facilitate sympathetic nerve activity, and/or withdraw para-sympathetic nerve activity. A higher BP with VNG compared to ORG can also be attributed to the effect of these autonomic nerve activities. Consider all the various factors together, it can be concluded that some emotionally linked odors were strong enough to modulate autonomic nerve activities as well as the level of BP in resting individuals.
Abstract: The limbic system, supporting emotions, behavioral motivation, and memory, in the brain receives coming odor before the sensory cortex. Therefore, certain odor can affect autonomic nerve system and physiological parameters due to smell-induced activity in the limbic system. The purpose of this study focused was to investigate the influence of odor,...
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