Nephrotoxic Effects of Arsenic in Albino Mice
Suman Sharma,
Anjali Singh Gill,
Zorawar Singh,
Charanjit Kaur,
P. Vijaya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3-1, May 2016
Pages:
1-4
Received:
24 November 2015
Accepted:
3 January 2016
Published:
23 February 2016
Abstract: Arsenic is an ubiquitous element in the environment. In the present study we investigated the effects of arsenic trioxide (AsIII) on lipid peroxidation and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney of albino mice. Albino mice were divided into three groups. Group I were kept as control. Group II were administrated an oral dose of arsenic trioxide (3mg/kg b.w.). Group III were given an oral dose of arsenic trioxide (6mg/kg b.w.). They were acclimatized for 15 days before administration of arsenic trioxide. The autopsies were done from all the groups at 15 days post-treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were analyzed in kidney of albino mice. The results showed a significant increase in concentration of MDA (p<0.05). Activities of SOD and CAT were found to decrease significantly (p<0.05). The results indicated that arsenic induced oxidative stress in albino mice by producing free radicals and lipid peroxidation where antioxidant enzymes were used as biomarkers.
Abstract: Arsenic is an ubiquitous element in the environment. In the present study we investigated the effects of arsenic trioxide (AsIII) on lipid peroxidation and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney of albino mice. Albino mice were divided into three groups. Group I were kept as control. Group II were administrated an oral dose of arsenic...
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Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceace) Against the Third Instar Larvae of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)
Amandeep Singh,
Jasneet Kaur
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3-1, May 2016
Pages:
5-10
Received:
24 December 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2016
Published:
23 February 2016
Abstract: The housefly, Musca domestica is a ubiquitous insect that has potential to spread wide variety of pathogens to humans and livestock animals leading to diseases and huge economic losses in developing countries. Flies have resisted human attempts to control them since antiquity and the problem of fly resistance to synthetic insecticides had resulted in need to develop biopesticides as an alternative management tool. Plant product are the most promising sources and under extensive trials for their insecticidal activity against various insect species. This study evaluated the efficacy of crude extracts of the castor plant Ricinus communis against Musca domestica by using dipping and thin film technique. The laboratory bioassay in both techniques resulted in considerable larval and pupal mortalities indicating toxicity of plant extract against the fly. Besides, the larval mortalities the extracts induced developmental aberrations such as reduced pupations and non emergence of adults. The results indicate that the plant extracts contain certain active principles which interfere with the hormonal control of development affecting the life cycle of the fly. It can be concluded that crude extract of R. communis can be effectively used as in controlling fly populations of M. domestica as the safer, ecofriendly and economic alternative to synthetic insecticidal agents.
Abstract: The housefly, Musca domestica is a ubiquitous insect that has potential to spread wide variety of pathogens to humans and livestock animals leading to diseases and huge economic losses in developing countries. Flies have resisted human attempts to control them since antiquity and the problem of fly resistance to synthetic insecticides had resulted ...
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Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review
Zorawar Singh,
Jasminder Kaur,
Ravneet Kaur,
Swarndeep Singh Hundal
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3-1, May 2016
Pages:
11-18
Received:
25 October 2015
Accepted:
23 November 2015
Published:
14 March 2016
Abstract: This study is aimed at compiling the toxicological aspects of organochlorine compounds (OCCs) including pesticides among different animal models. Tests on animal species like Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) test, DNA repair assays and histopathological examinations have shown positive results for the toxicity of organochlorine pesticides. The results were observed on different animals including fishes, furseals, frogs, rats, bats and humans. In fishes, endosulfan is found to have acute toxicities. Similarly, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroids and microbial insecticides were also found to show their toxic effects. Some compounds such as lambda-cyhalothrin showed a very high toxicity on fish followed by fenvalerate, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Exposure to OCCs can impart foe cell death by inducing Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (MAPK) which is associated with cell growth differentiation and apoptosis. On studying the genotoxic effects of OCCs on germ cells of mouse, it was observed that a lethal mutation can occur just after one mating interval. Increase in the number of micronucleated cells has also been seen after OCC exposure. Neuro-behavioural studies on rats showed the presence of tremors caused by chlordecone and p,p’DDT. Tumorigenicity by organochlorine pesticides is seen to be an epigenetic mechanism in a DNA repair assay. Acute poisoning was seen in liver, kidney and testis of albino rat due to the toxic effect of dursban and DDT. Great declines in populations have been seen due to OCC toxicity in different animal species. Direct and indirect exposure to these compounds should be reduced so as to minimize the possible health hazards.
Abstract: This study is aimed at compiling the toxicological aspects of organochlorine compounds (OCCs) including pesticides among different animal models. Tests on animal species like Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) test, DNA repair assays and histopathological examinations have shown positive results for the toxicity of organochlorine p...
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Effect of Dietary Habits and Socio-economic Status on Menstrual Disorders among Young Females
Jasjit Kaur Randhawa,
Kapila Mahajan,
Manbir Kaur,
Arti Gupta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3-1, May 2016
Pages:
19-22
Received:
26 March 2016
Accepted:
1 June 2016
Published:
30 June 2016
Abstract: Menstruation is very important phase of reproductive cycle which involves many hormonal changes. Hormone production is known to be affected by diet. Poor nutrition in female diet can affect menstrual cycle and lead to menstrual disorders and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). A cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyze the association of dietary habits and socio-economic status with menstrual disorders among the college going and young working females of Amritsar, Punjab, India during the month of Jan-March 2013. Students who did not attain menarche; were suffering from any chronic health condition or using any medicines for long duration (more than a month) were excluded from the study. A total of 100 females were selected, among 300 surveyed, for this study and each student was given a questionnaire to complete. Majority of the females (87%) belong to middle socio-economic status, having higher prevalence of menstrual disorders due to sedentary lifestyle and western dietary habits. Greater prevalence of menstrual disorders was observed in vegetarian women as compared to non-vegetarian women except for dysmenorrhea. Prevalence of menorrhagia was higher (56.25% vs. 32.69%) in women not taking salad daily while percentages of menorrhagia (44.68% vs. 43.40%) as well as oligomenorrhea (46.81% vs. 45.28%) were found higher in women not eating fruits daily. 93% respondents took junk food and a positive association was observed between consumption of junk food and menstrual disorders.
Abstract: Menstruation is very important phase of reproductive cycle which involves many hormonal changes. Hormone production is known to be affected by diet. Poor nutrition in female diet can affect menstrual cycle and lead to menstrual disorders and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). A cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyze the association of dietary h...
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